ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of mechanical ventilation on liver cytological and enzymatic indexes in abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) by establishing a porcine model of abdominal hypertension.Methods:Six healthy adult pigs were selected. After general anesthesia, they were intubated and given ventilator assisted breathing. The breathing mode was volume controlled ventilation (VCV), tidal volume (VT) 10 mL/kg, respiratory rate (RR) 16 time/min, fraction of inspiration oxygen (FiO 2) 0.40, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) 5 cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O = 0.098 kPa). Intraperitoneal pressure was simulated by injecting normal saline into the pressurized water sac, and the pressure was measured once every 50 mL of normal saline. 5 mL of blood was collected from ear vein every 1 hour before and 4 hours after operation for liver enzyme examination. 4 hours after operation, the animals were sacrificed and the liver was collected to observe pathological changes under light microscope. Results:Six pigs were successfully modeled. The RR and heart rate (HR) of the animals remained stable. No one suffered from barotrauma or death during the experiment. There was a positive correlation between abdominal pressure and abdominal volume increase (r 2 = 0.839 6, P = 0.003 7). There were no significant differences in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and cholinesterase (ChE) preoperative and 1, 2, 3, 4 hours after operation. As time went on, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased first and then decreased, and increased significantly at 1 hour after operation (U/L: 46.84±8.57 vs. 23.35±5.14, P < 0.05), and decreased significantly 2, 3, 4 hours after operation (U/L: 16.33±3.58, 14.54±3.35, 15.44±3.21 vs. 23.35±5.14, all P < 0.05). The level of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) increased and then decreased, but there was significant difference only at 1 hour after operation, compared with baseline (U/L: 101.20±17.79 vs. 51.34±9.13, P < 0.05). Under the light microscope, there were dilation and congestion of interlobular vein, dilation of interlobular bile duct, hyperplasia of small bile duct, hyperplasia of connective tissue in portal area, infiltration of a large number of acute and chronic inflammatory cells, swelling of hepatocytes, light staining of cytoplasm, balloon like transformation of some cells, and punctate necrosis. Conclusion:Abdominal hypertension under mechanical ventilation can cause obvious enzyme changes and cytological damage of liver.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the secondary pathological changes in lung of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).Methods Twenty-five healthy adult clean New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control group (n =5) and experimental group (n =20) according to the random number table method.The experimental group was subdivided into two subgroups according to the observation time:24 hours and 48 hours,with 10 rabbits in each subgroup.A high pressure liquid animal model of abdominal cavity was reproduced by water bag superposition pressurization.In the control group,the pressurized water bag did not inject liquid,and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was maintained at 0;while in the experimental group,pressurized water infusion was performed,and IAP was maintained at 25 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa).The rabbits in the control group were sacrificed at 48 hours,those in the experimental group were sacrificed at 24 hours and 48 hours respectively,and the lungs were harvested completely.The pathological changes were observed under light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Results In the control group,the activity of the rabbits was decreased,the food intake was decreased,and all the 5 animals survived;in the experimental group,the activity was decreased significantly,little food intake or not,the urine output was decreased significantly,and 1 rabbit died at 22,27 and 37 hours respectively,and 17 survived.Light microscopy showed that there were terminal bronchioles and a large number of alveoli in the lung tissue of the control group,and small vessels dilated in the interstitium.In the experimental group,alveolar epithelial hyperplasia,alveolar sěptum of different sizes,alveolar fusion,alveolar septal bleeding,interstitial heart failure cells with phagocytosis of hemosiderin,bronchiolectasis,a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration near the bronchi,thrombosis in the blood vessels were found at 24 hours.A large number of erythrocyte and cellulose-like exudates were seen in the lumen of terminal bronchioles,alveolar dilatation and fusion were aggravated,and old hemorrhage in the lumen of the alveoli was observed,hemosiderosis containing bemosiderin was observed at 48 hours.Conclusion ACS could cause severe lung injury and aggravate as time goes on.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the clinical characters and diagnosis and treatment in patients with vesicoenteric fistula.@*Methods@#Two patients with vesicoenteric fistula were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Datong University in 2012 and 2019, at the same time 64 cases with complete data referenced from China Journal Full-text Database from September 2001 to December 2018 were retrospectively studied. The pathogeny, main clinical manifestations, relevant examination, treatment methods and prognosis were analyzed, to explore the best diagnosis and treatment of vesicoenteric fistula.@*Results@#Among all of 66 patients, there were 49 males and 17 females. The pathogeny included intestinal cancer in 31 cases (46.97%), Crohn disease in 11 cases (16.67%), intestinal diverticulitis in 10 cases (15.15%), bladder cancer in 8 cases (12.12%), appendicitis and other inflammatory diseases in 5 cases (7.58%) and intraoperative injury in 1 case (1.52%). The main clinical feature included recurrent urinary tract infection in 45 cases (68.18%), fecaluria in 43 cases (65.15%), abdominal pain in 16 cases (24.24%) and pneumaturia in 16 cases (24.24%). Forty-one cases underwent CT examination, and the diagnostic rate was 58.54% (24/41); 47 cases underwent cystoscopy, and the diagnostic rate was 55.32% (26/47); 34 cases underwent cystography, and the diagnostic rate was 44.12% (15/34). Six cases (90.91%) were treated with surgery, and no perioperative death occurred. Twenty-eight cases were followed up, and the mean follow-up time was 4.1 years. Seven cases died of tumor recurrence and metastasis; 2 cases died of other basic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. No other patients with benign vesicoenteric fistula died during follow-up.@*Conclusions@#The major cause of vesicoenteric fistula is intestinal malignancy, which shows emblematic clinical symptoms, and specific imaging characteristic. CT, cystoscopy and cystography are the main diagnostic technique. Surgical intervention is the major therapeutic choice, and the prognosis depends on the primary disease.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the pathological changes of lung,pancreas and kidney in abdominal compartment syndrome by making an animal model of abdominal hypertension.Methods 20 New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups,4 in the control group,8 in the experiment group 1,and 8 in group 2.The control group were not injected with pressure water capsule,the pressure was 0 mmHg(0 Kpa),and the time limit was 48 hours.The pressure and increased volume of abdominal pressure was recorded each time of injection of 50 ml saline in group 1 and group 2.The abdominal pressure-volume curve was plotted.Then the pressure of the experimental group was adjusted to 22 mmHg(2.96 Kpa),and the time limit of experimental group 1 was 24 hours,the group 2 was 48 hours.The experimental animals were killed at the time of observation,the whole lung,pancreas and kidney were completed and fixed with 10％ Formaldehyde solution for 24 hours,and the routine paraffin was embedded,sliced,stained with HE,and observed under the biological optical microscope.Results During the experiment,4 of the control group survived,1 died in the experimental group 1,and 2 died in group 2.There was a positive correlation between abdominal pressure and increasing volume of abdominal cavity in the experimental group of abdominal high pressure liquid animal model.The function equation:Y=0.1486X-119.0000 (R2=0.827 4,P=0.004 5).Pathological changes of lungs in three groups of experimental animals:control group:terminal bronchioles and a large number of alveoli in normal lungs,interstitial small vessel dilatation.The group 1:alveolar epithelial hyperplasia,alveolar septum size,alveolar lumen fusion,alveolar interstitial bleeding,dark brown matter deposition,intravascular thrombus,and computerized recanalization.In the group 2,the alveoli were dilated obviously,some alveolar cavities were fused,the alveolar septum was not one,and a large number of red cells and cellulosic exudates were found in the terminal fine bronchioles,including dark brown matter deposition.Pathological changes of pancreas in the three groups:control group:acinus:acinar cell consists of a layer of vertebral acinar cells,the nucleus was round,close to the base of the cell,and the nucleolus was obvious;the basal cytoplasm was basophilic because of the rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome.The group 1:pancreatic acinar degeneration,large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating in the pancreatic tissue,lymphatic sinus dilation,lymph nodes filled with lymph,lymphatic edema,paranantral lymph nodes,lymphatic sinus dilatation,sinus endothelial cell proliferation and lymphoid hyperplasia.In the group 2,the pancreatic acini were markedly degenerated,blood vessels were dilated and congested in the interstitium,and the lymphatic vessels in the pancreatic tissue expanded and contained large amounts of lymph.Pathological changes of kidney in three groups of experimental animals:control group:glomeruli and blood vessels were basically normal,and renal tubules were slightly dilated.The group 1:mild segmental hyperplasia of glomerular mesangial cells,mild enlargement of mesangial matrix,dilatation of renal tubules,internal protein tube type,granulosa like degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells and dilatation and congestion of endoplasmic blood vessels.Experimental group 2:glomerular segmental hyperplasia,renal tubular epithelial cell edema,renal tubule dilatation,canalicular type in the lumen,small vessels of the renal interstitium dilated and hyperemia.Conclusion Lung,pancreas and kidney have obvious secondary damage at the development of abdominal compartment syndrome and aggravates with the extension of time.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells and to explore its mechanism.Methods SGC7901 and KATO-Ⅲ gastric cancer cells were co-cultured with BM-MSCs respectively,and the invasion ability of SGC7901 and KATO-Ⅲ gastric cancer cells were detected by Transwell assay.Secondly,CD133 + and CD133-cells were sorted from KATO-Ⅲ gastric cancers and co-cultured with BM-MSCs respectively to compare their changes in invasiveness.Meanwhile,the expressions of p-AKT and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) relative factors in gastric cancer cells were detected by Western-blot.The role of CD133 in BM-MSCs affecting the ability of invasion of gastric cancer cells was further vertified by the overexpression of CD133 in SGC7901 cells.SPSS17.0 software was used for statistical processing,and the stand deviation of the measurement data were expressed as the standard deviation,independent sample t test was conducted.Results The invasiveness of co-cultured SGC7901 and KATO-Ⅲ cells was significantly enhanced.The invasive ability of KATO-Ⅲ CD133+ cells co-cultured with BM-MSCs tended to increase more significantly than that of co-cultured CD133 cells[(259.0 ± 24.0)vs (58.0 ±5.6),P ＜ 0.001].The expressions of p-AKT,Snail and N-cadherin were significantly increased in co-cultured CD133+ cells (P =0.003,P =0.003,P =0.002),while the expression of E-cadherin was reduced (P =0.021).After co-cultured with BM-MSCs,the expression of E-cadherin was also reduced in CD133-cells (P =0.005),but the expressions of p-AKT,Snail and N-cadherin were no significantly changes (P =0.744,P =0.277,P =0.295).SGC7901 co-cultured with BM-MSC after overexpression of CD133 showed higher i nvasiveness than blank control group[(239.3 ± 24.0) vs (103.3 ± 15.5),P ＜ 0.001].The expressions of p-AKT,Snail and N-cadherin were significantly increased when co-cultured with BM-MSCs in the group of CD133 overexpression (P =0.001,P =0.001,P =0.001),while the expression of E-cadherin was significantly decreased(P =0.003).The expressions of Snail and N-cadherin were also significantly increased after co-cultured with BM-MSCs in the blank control group (P =0.001,P =0.004),and the expression of E-cadherin was significantly decreased (P =0.018),while the expression of p-AKT was not significantly changed (P =0.193).Conclusions BM-MSCs can enhance the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by promoting the EMT of gastric cancer cells.CD133 may be involved in the regulation of EMT in gastric cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective This study aimed at observing expression and clinical significance of metadherin in gastric adenocarcinoma and exploring the potentially regulating mechanism of metadherin in invation and migration of gastric cancer.Methods Expressions of metadherin and E-cadherin in primay lesion of gastric cancer were detected by immunohistochemistry and their correlation to clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis were analyzed by Chi-square tests.Transwell assay and wound healing assay were applied for the ability of invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer cells.Then,the down-regulatied metadherin expression in MKN45 cells by RNA interference (siRNA) was carried out and furthermore,the regulation role of metadherin in epithelial-mesenchymal transition was analyzed also in invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells.Results The positive expression of metadherin was correlated to invading depth (P =0.029),lymph node metastasis (P =0.001),TNM stage (P =0.014) and inhibiting E-cadherin expression (P =0.001).The patients with positive metabherin shared poorer prognosis.Furthermore,the down-regulated metabherin in MKN45 cells would result in the increasing expression of E-cadherin,as well as decreasing expression of N-eadherin,Slug and Snail.At the same time,the abilities of invasion (P =0.027) and migration (P =0.008) of MKN45 cells was decreased.Conclusion metabherin induces EMT in metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma via activating either Slug or Snail but not twist,which would result in the poorer prognosis.
ABSTRACT
Tumor initiating cells are the source of the tumor,which have the characteristics of stem cells,such as self-renewal capacity,unlimited proliferation,multi-directional differentiation,DNA repair activity and resistance to apoptosis.The tumor initiating cells involved in chemotherapy drug resistance,traditional chemotherapy drugs is difficult to kill them,studies have shown that the tumor initiating cells involved in chemotherapy drug resistance.Tumor initiating cells are the significant factor of drug resistance and relapse in the tumor.tumor initiating cells resistance mechanism is complex,not only involved in tumor generally resistant characteristics,but kept natural resistance properties of stem cells.Tumor initiating cells resistant mechanism is controversial.This review introduces the resistance mechanisms of tumor-initiating cells both in tumor initiating cells-intrinsic and tumor initiating cells-extrinsic aspects based on the domestic and international relevant literatures.By revealing the drug resistance mechanism,it can be used to predict the effect of clinical chemotherapy,and now the article will review the research progress of the drug resistance mechanism of tumor initiating cells.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the curative effect of tissue-selecting therapy stapler and procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids in the treatment of patients with stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ hemorrhoids.Methods The patients with stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ hemorrhoids who underwent prolapse and hemorrhoids or tissue-selecting therapy stapler surgery in the department of General Surgery,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital and Xinhua Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Chongming Branch,from Jan.2013 to Jun.2014 were accepted and allocated to prolapse and hemorrhoids or tissue-selecting therapy stapler group.The peri-operative parameters about operative time,blood loss,postoperative hospital stay and the time required to return to normal activity were compared by t test,The postoperative complications including pain assessment and the incidence of postoperative bleeding,urine retention,faecal urgency,fecal incontinence,anal stenosis,rectovaginal fistula and recurrence rate were compared by t test and chi-square test.Rank sum test was used to compare the recurrence rate and patient's satisfaction between the two groups.Results The operation time,intraoperative bleeding volum,postoperative hospital stay and the time required to return to normal activity in the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids group were signifcantly higher than those in the tissue-selecting therapy stapler group (P =0.021,P =0.003,P =0.001,P ＜0.001).The pain score of procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids group were all higher than those of the tissue-selecting therapy stapler group in the first post-operative defecation and in post-operative 24 hours and 72 hours (all P ＜ 0.001).The incidence of faecal urgency of the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids group in post-operative 1 month (18.6％) was higher than that of the tissue-selecting therapy stapler group (6.6％) (P =0.036).There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of postoperative bleeding,urinary retention,recurrence rate and patient's satisfaction between two group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Tissue-selecting therapy stapler was superior to the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids in operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative pain and the incidence of faecal urgency.Long-term results demonstrate that tissue-selecting therapy stapler and prolapse and hemorrhoids have similar effectiveness.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the curative effect of tissue-selecting therapy stapler and procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids in the treatment of patients with stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ hemorrhoids.Methods The patients with stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ hemorrhoids who underwent prolapse and hemorrhoids or tissue-selecting therapy stapler surgery in the department of General Surgery,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital and Xinhua Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Chongming Branch,from Jan.2013 to Jun.2014 were accepted and allocated to prolapse and hemorrhoids or tissue-selecting therapy stapler group.The peri-operative parameters about operative time,blood loss,postoperative hospital stay and the time required to return to normal activity were compared by t test,The postoperative complications including pain assessment and the incidence of postoperative bleeding,urine retention,faecal urgency,fecal incontinence,anal stenosis,rectovaginal fistula and recurrence rate were compared by t test and chi-square test.Rank sum test was used to compare the recurrence rate and patient's satisfaction between the two groups.Results The operation time,intraoperative bleeding volum,postoperative hospital stay and the time required to return to normal activity in the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids group were signifcantly higher than those in the tissue-selecting therapy stapler group (P =0.021,P =0.003,P =0.001,P ＜0.001).The pain score of procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids group were all higher than those of the tissue-selecting therapy stapler group in the first post-operative defecation and in post-operative 24 hours and 72 hours (all P ＜ 0.001).The incidence of faecal urgency of the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids group in post-operative 1 month (18.6％) was higher than that of the tissue-selecting therapy stapler group (6.6％) (P =0.036).There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of postoperative bleeding,urinary retention,recurrence rate and patient's satisfaction between two group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Tissue-selecting therapy stapler was superior to the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids in operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative pain and the incidence of faecal urgency.Long-term results demonstrate that tissue-selecting therapy stapler and prolapse and hemorrhoids have similar effectiveness.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical significance of intraperitoneal perfusion of IL-2 combined with Addi injection for ascites re-growth control after decompression of abdominal compartment syndrome induced by malignant ascites.Methods 69 patients with abdominal compartment syndrome induced by malignant ascites,after tube decompression and paracentesis,were given intraperitoneal perfusion therapy,and they were randomly divided into two groups.42 cases in the observation group were given with 0.9％ sodium chloride injection 50mL + IL-23 millions u and Addie injection 50-60mL,once a week,a total of 2-3 times;27 cases in the control group were given with 0.9％ sodium chloride injection 50mL and cisplatin 40mg,once a week,a total of 1-3 times.Results In the observation group,CR 25 cases (59.5％),PR 11 cases (26.2％),NC 6 cases (14.3％),the total effective achieved in 36 cases (85.7％).In the control group,CR 11 cases (40.7％),PR 6 cases (22.2％),NC 10 cases (37.0％),the total effective achieved in 17 cases (62.96％).The effective rate of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group,there was statistically significant difference(x2 =4.78,P ＜ 0.05).The qualities of life of the observation group were improved,8 cases were stable,lower in 2 cases,the effective rate was 76.2％,which of the control group were improved,10 cases were stable,lower in 4 cases,the effective rate was 48.1％.The effective rate of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group,there was statistically significant difference (x2 =5.70,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Intraperitoneal perfusion of IL-2 combined with Addi injection for ascites control after decompression of abdominal compartment syndrome induced by malignant ascites is a new method,which is worthy of clinical application.
ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the MRI feature of meningeal metastasis and correlation of peritumoral brain edema and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression.Methods 48 patients with meningeal metas-tasis were observed with plain and enhanced 1 .5 T magnetic resonance imaging scans,surgical removal of the tumor tissues was measured with VEGF immunohistochemistry.Results The patients with MC showed three types MRI fea-ture.The more vascular endothelial growth factor of the tumor tissues expressed,the more peritumoral brain edema (χ2 =33.34,P<0.01 ).Conclusion MRI scanning is necessary for clinical diagnosis in MC.There are positive correlation between the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor of the tumor tissues and peritumoral brain edema(P<0.01).
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the influence of CD133+expression on patients' survival and resistance of CD133+cells to anti-tumor agents in gastric cancer (GC). Methods: Influence of CD133 expression on prognosis was analyzed employing sam-ples from patients with GC. GC cell lines were utilized to separate CD133+and CD133?subpopulations by immunomagnetic separation and to analyze the biological features of two subpopulations in vitro and in vivo, especially in resistant to anti-tumor reagents and its apoptotic mechanism. Results: The lower CD133+group showed a significantly better survival compared with the higher CD133+group. The highest content of CD133+subpopulations for KATO-III cells had stronger proliferative ability than CD133?subpopulations. A single CD133+cell was capable of generating new cell colony and the tumorigenicity rate in nude mice was 100% for CD133+ clonal spheres or for CD133+ cells, but 0% for CD133? cells. Furthermore, the higher expression levels of Oct-4, Sox-2, Musashi-1 and ABCG2 in CD133+ clonal spheres were identified compared with CD133+ cells or CD133? cells. Under the treatment of anti-tumor reagents, CD133+ cells had lower suppression rates compared with CD133? cells while lower level of Bcl-2 and higher level of Bax were found in CD133+cells compared with CD133?cells. Conclusions: The patients with lower CD133+expression had a better survival. Enriched CD133+ cells in clonal sphere shared the ability to be self-renewable, proliferative, tumorigenic and resistant to anti-tumor agents as probably regulated by Bcl-2 and Bax.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the regulatory mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC) on the biological profiles of KATO-III( cell lines of gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Transwell cubicle was applied to build the co-cultured model in non-contact style. The differences of cell proliferation and the resistance of anti-tumour drug (5-fluoropyrimidinedione, 5-FU and Cisplatin, CDDP) between co-cultured group and single cultured group were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit 8-assay(CCK-8). The invasion ability was detected by Transwell assay. The expressions of stem cell makers, apoptosis-related factors and epithelium-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors were detected by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proliferation ability of KATO-III( cells in co-cultured group was significantly stronger than that in single cultured group. The growth rate of KATO-III( cells in co-cultured group was significantly higher than that in single cultured group after treatment of 5-FU and CDDP(P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly higher in co-cultured group KATO-III( cells(P<0.05), while the mRNA expression level of Bax was significantly lower in co-cultured group KATO-III( cells(P<0.05) in comparison with those in single cultured group. As compared to KATO-III( cells in single cultured group, the number of infiltrating-membrane cells was significantly higher (37.33±5.22 vs 14.56±2.54, P<0.01) in co-cultured group, and the mRNA expression levels of Snail and N-cadherin were significantly higher in co-cultured group KATO-III( cells (P<0.05), while the mRNA expression level of E-cadherin was significantly lower in co-cultured group KATO-III( cells (P<0.05). The expressions of CD133, Nanog and Sox-2 mRNA in co-cultured group KATO-III( cells were significantly higher than those in single cultured group(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In co-cultured model sharing non-contact style, BMSC can enhance such properties of KATO-III( gastric cancer cells as the proliferation, the invasion and the chemoresistance. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanisms may be related to the increase of the expressions of some stem cell markers in gastric cancer cells.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents , Apoptosis , Bone Marrow Cells , Cadherins , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Cisplatin , Coculture Techniques , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , Fluorouracil , RNA, Messenger , Stem Cells , Stomach NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Nowadays,laparoscopy has already been widely applied to the diagnosis and treatment of kinds of diseases,improving the outcome of the patients with its less invasive advantages.In the treatment of gastric cancer,doctors always choose different methods of laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG) according to the tumor's location and its invasion and metastasis.But LG hasn't got widely application in the treatment of gastric cancer,which is meanly attributed to the exist of some Technical problems,failing to control the complications very well and the lack of evidence of long-term oncological outcomes.But with the development of new technology and the accumulation of the surgeons' experience,these problems might be conquered to a certain extent.In this review,the author will summary the application status of LG in the treatment of gastric cancer.
ABSTRACT
Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) is a kind of length greater than 200 nucleotides not encode any proteins RNA molecules.Although not encode any proteins,LncRNA through chromatin modification,transcription activation and interference et al.involved in a variety of control process in the cell.In recent years,the study found that the expression of a variety of LncRNA abnormalities in gastric cancer.These changes are closely associated with the development and prognosis of gastric cancer,regulate the expression of related LncRNA can significantly improve the prognosis of patients.Targeted to regulate the expression of LncRNA can provide new strategies for treatment of gastric cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the way of improving the diagnosis and cure rate of pulmonary synovial sarcoma.Methods One case of pulmonary synovial sarcoma was selected,at the same time accompanied with 80 cases of pulmonary synovial sarcoma with complete data referenced from China Journal Full-text Database on October 2012 were retrospectively studied.The main clinical manifestations,imaging characteristics were analyszed.According to the pathology,immunohisochemistry and molecular biology for diagnosis and discrimination,in order to reduce the misdiagnosis.Results All of 81 patients,40 male cases and 41 female cases,the main clinical manifestations were chest pain,difficult breathing,hemoptysis and cough.In individual cases without any discomfort.All cases had not been accurately diagnosed before surgery.Ultimately diagnosis of patients depend on histopathology and immunohistochemistry.Conclusions Pulmonary synovial sarcoma shows different clinical symptoms but specific imaging characteristic and maybe confused with other pulmonary tumors or inflammation.Histopathological,immunophenotypic and fusion gene detection is the mainly technics for diagnosis.Surgery is the primary therapy,patients undergoing uncompletely resection have a poor prognosis.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between CD133(+) subsets cells in human gastric cancer (GC) and molecules of drug resistance and their sensitivity to 5-FU.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three gastric cancer cell lines therein KATO-III(, SGC7901 and MKN45 were sorted by immunomagnetic beads cell sorting method. Then above cell lines were further divided into un-sorted GC cells, CD133(+) subgroup and CD133(-) subgroup. The expressions of CD133, P-gp, Bax and Bcl-2 were determined by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunoflurescence. Meanwhile, the sensitivity to 5-FU of three subgroups was detected by CCK-8 Kit. The apoptosis induced by 5-FU in three subgroups was determined by Hoechst 33258.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expressions of CD133 in three CD133(+) subgroups were significantly higher than those in un-sorted GC cells and CD133(-) subgroup (all P<0.05). Expressions of P-gp and Bcl-2 in the three GC cell lines were different (all P<0.05). There were significant differences of expressions of P-gp, Bcl-2 and Bax among CD133(+) cells, un-sorted GC cells and CD133(-) cells (all P<0.05). CCK-8 detection showed that CD133(-) subgroup of MKN45 GC cell line was more sensitive than CD133(+) cells to 5-FU (P<0.05). Hoechst 33258 staining showed that there were more apoptotic cells in CD133(-) subgroup as compared to other two subgroups, and the least apoptotic cells were observed in CD133(+) subgroup of MKN45 GC cell line (P<0.05). CD133 sirna was transfected into MKN45 GC cell line and could down-regulate the expressions of CD133, P-gp, Bcl-2 and p-Akt, while the expression of Bax increased (all P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CD133 may contribute to the resistance of GC cells to chemotherapy drug through P-gp, Bcl-2 and Bax. PI3K/Akt signal pathway may be involved in this process.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , AC133 Antigen , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 , Antigens, CD , Metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Fluorouracil , Glycoproteins , Metabolism , Peptides , Metabolism , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , RNA, Small Interfering , Stomach Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Pathology , bcl-2-Associated X ProteinABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic characters and prognostic value of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins Snail and chemokine receptors 4(CXCR4) in gastric cancer.Methods The expressions of Snail and CXCR4 in the gastric tissues of 50 patients with gastric cancer were detected by Immunohistochemistry.The relation between the expressions of Snail and CXCR4 and the clinicopathologic characters were analyzed.The relative relationship between Snail expression and CXCR4 expression were identified by Spearman method.The correlation between the expressions of Snail and CXCR4 with the survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.Results The expression of Snail and CXCR4 expression were positive in 31 of 50 cases (62％) and 29 of 50 cases (58％) respectively.The expression levels of Snail and CXCR4 in the gastric cancer patients with diameter more than 5 cm,worse tissue differentiation,vascular invasion,lymphatic vessel invasion,lymph nodes metastasis,and T3 + T4 staging were significantly higher than those in the patients with diameter less than 5 cm,without vascular invasion,lymphatic vessel invasion,lymph nodes metastasis,and T1 + T2 staging (P ＜ 0.05).The Expression of Snail and CXCR4 was positively Correlated(r =0.330,P =0.014).The co-expression of Snail and CXCR4 was significantly associated with poorer prognosis and was applied as an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer (P =0.001).Conclusions The co-expression of Snail and CXCR4 was the independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer.The combining effect of EMT and CXCR4 may promote the progressions and metastasis of gastric cancer.Therefore,it may be of an effective way for the metastasis of gastric cancer to adjust these targets of the Snail and CXCR4.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the resistances of CDl33 + subset purified from gastric cancer cell line to chemotherapy drugs and the mechanism of this resistance regarding to the mRNA expressions of both Bcl-2 and BAX in relation to the relative apoptotic genes.Methods CD133 + subset and CD133-subset were purified from KATOⅢ cell linc by magnetic activated cell sorting.The proliferating ability of these two subsets resistantnt to 5-FU,Cisplatin(DDP,PDD) and Etoposide was checked and compared by CCK-8 test.The apoptotic changes of these two subsets regarding to the expression of mRNA of both Bcl-2 and BAX were also analized by RT-PCR.Results In CD133 + subset,the contant percentage of CD133 + expression rate was 90％ via analysis of flow cytometye.Twelve hours after treatment of5-FU,DDP and VP-16,the cells in both CD133 + subgroup and CD133-subgroup would gradually start to change in apoptotic morphology.The growth inhibiting rate by CCK-8 measurement for 5-FU,DDP and VP-16 groups in CD133 + subgroup was significantly lower than that in CD133-subgroup.The data under different treatment respectively was,5-FU:(30.56 ± 1.99) ％-(88.60 ± 1.95) ％ vs (32.81 ± 2.67) ％-(95.73±2.12)％,P=0.045,cisplatin:(45.89 ±3.64)％-(81.20 ± 1.18)％ vs (50.21 ±3.22)％-(90.46±1.89)％,P=0.043,VP-16:(37.21 ±3.80)％-(78.49 ±3.22)％ vs (35.55 ±3.23)％-(89.32 ±-3.54) ％,P =0.048).After treatment of these three kind of anti-tumour drugs,the expression level of Bcl-2 mR-NA decreased significantly and the expression level of BAX mRNA increased significantly in both CD133 + subgroup and CD133-subgroup.However,these changing ranges of Bcl-2 mRNA and BAX mRNA were more obvious in CD133 + subgroup in comparison with those in CD133-subgroup.Conclusions In some degree,resistent potentiality of CD133 + cells to 5-FU,DDP and VP-16 has been identified,which may probably be due to the up-regulation of the expression of BAX and down-regulation of the expression of Bcl-2.
ABSTRACT
Cancer stem cells are special stem cells and are found recently in many tumors,and have the capability of self renewal and differentiation and can gradually differentiate into matured tumor cells to form the primary lesion and the various metastasis lesions of tumors.As well known,cancer stem cells shared strong ability of resistant to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy,which is mainly related to many kinds of molecules and theirs relative regulation in niche regarding to cancer stem cells.Currently,the strategies of some novel therapies are conducted to detect the targeting sites with relevant to the microenvironments of cancer stem cells,such as the angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer stem cells.Furthermore,insights into drug-resistance of cancer stem cells and its niche may offer new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of tumors.